Читать онлайн «Вводный фонетико-грамматический курс русского языка, для лиц говорящих по английски»
Автор Т. В. Шустикова
In order to show the correct way to pronounce words phonetic transcription is used. Soft consonants have "И" like hue. The opposition of hard and soft consonants is a peculiarity of Russian phonetic system.
Word Stress
Vowels in Russian can be stressed and unstressed. Stress is琠敨瀠潲畮据慩楴湯漠湯潶敷湩愠眠牯楷桴愠朠敲瑡牥映牯散愠捣浯慰楮摥戠⁹湡椠据敲獡湩琠敨氠湥瑧景琠敨猠畯摮挠浯慰敲楷桴漠桴牥湯獥※畳档愠瘠睯汥椠慣汬摥猠牴獥敳匠牴獥獩洠牡敫祢⼠✠⼠眠楨档椠汰捡摥愠潢敶琠敨猠牴獥敳潶敷刍獵楳湡眠牯獤洠祡挠湯楳瑳漠湯ⱥ琠潷桴敲湡潭敲猠汹慬汢獥湯景眠楨档椠瑳敲獳摥മ湉删獵楳湡琠敨猠牴獥潤獥渠瑯映污湯猠浯敤楦楮整猠汹慬汢景愠眠牯Ɽ椠⁴獩映敲㩥 мá ма (mum, mother); наý ка (science). Stress can distinguish words and grammar forms: замó к - зá мок (a padlock - a castle); письмá - пú сьма (of a letter - letters).
It is necessary to write down and learn every word paying attention to the stress.
In o摲牥琠牰湯畯据瑳敲獳摥瘠睯汥椠⁴獩渠瑯渠捥獥慳祲琠慲獩桴楰捴ⱨ漠敮猠潨汵湯祬琠湩整獮晩⁹桴獩猠畯摮牰湯畯据瑩眠瑩潭敲攠敮杲⁹湡潬杮牥琠慨瑯敨潳湵獤漠潷摲മ–奈䕐䱒义⁋栢瑴㩰⼯睷楬杮慵畲潣⽭牐杯慲⽭整瑸栮浴椿㵤弱∴ᐠ湉潴慮楴湯污―祳瑳浥漠畒獳慩൮桔湩潴慮楴湯污猠獹整景删獵楳湡挠湯楳瑳景㜠琠灹獥漠湩潴慮楴湯污甠楮獴ⴠ椠瑮湯瑡潩慮潣獮牴捵楴湯桷捩牡慣汬摥䤠ⵃⰱ䤠ⵃⰲ䤠ⵃ⸳⸮⠠ИК-1, ИК-2, ИК-3... )* . For example:
1
Он идёт домой. (He is going home. )
3
Он идёт домой? (Is he going home?)
A simple question and delight may be expressed in the same words but with completely different intonation:
2
Как она поёт? (ИК-2) Хорошо. How does she sings? Well.
5
Как она поёт! (ИК-5) How beautifully she sings!
Да, прекрасно! Yes, she does.
The centre of ИК is defined by the situation and depending on the situation can move. In some cases shifting of the ИК centre changes the meaning of the sentence, in other cases it makes the meaning more exact.
Pay attention to the changing of the meaning of the sentence if the centre of ИК moves:
3
- Вы были в театре? - Were you at the theatre?
1 1
- Да, в театре. - Yes, at the theatre.
3
- Вы были в театре? - Were you at the theatre?
1 1
- Да, был. - Yes, I was.
3
- Вы были в театре? - Were you at the theatre?
1 1
- Да, я. - Yes, it was me.
Lesson 1.
Word Stress
Vowels in Russian can be stressed and unstressed. Stress is琠敨瀠潲畮据慩楴湯漠湯潶敷湩愠眠牯楷桴愠朠敲瑡牥映牯散愠捣浯慰楮摥戠⁹湡椠据敲獡湩琠敨氠湥瑧景琠敨猠畯摮挠浯慰敲楷桴漠桴牥湯獥※畳档愠瘠睯汥椠慣汬摥猠牴獥敳匠牴獥獩洠牡敫祢⼠✠⼠眠楨档椠汰捡摥愠潢敶琠敨猠牴獥敳潶敷刍獵楳湡眠牯獤洠祡挠湯楳瑳漠湯ⱥ琠潷桴敲湡潭敲猠汹慬汢獥湯景眠楨档椠瑳敲獳摥മ湉删獵楳湡琠敨猠牴獥潤獥渠瑯映污湯猠浯敤楦楮整猠汹慬汢景愠眠牯Ɽ椠⁴獩映敲㩥 мá ма (mum, mother); наý ка (science). Stress can distinguish words and grammar forms: замó к - зá мок (a padlock - a castle); письмá - пú сьма (of a letter - letters).
It is necessary to write down and learn every word paying attention to the stress.
In o摲牥琠牰湯畯据瑳敲獳摥瘠睯汥椠⁴獩渠瑯渠捥獥慳祲琠慲獩桴楰捴ⱨ漠敮猠潨汵湯祬琠湩整獮晩⁹桴獩猠畯摮牰湯畯据瑩眠瑩潭敲攠敮杲⁹湡潬杮牥琠慨瑯敨潳湵獤漠潷摲മ–奈䕐䱒义⁋栢瑴㩰⼯睷楬杮慵畲潣⽭牐杯慲⽭整瑸栮浴椿㵤弱∴ᐠ湉潴慮楴湯污―祳瑳浥漠畒獳慩൮桔湩潴慮楴湯污猠獹整景删獵楳湡挠湯楳瑳景㜠琠灹獥漠湩潴慮楴湯污甠楮獴ⴠ椠瑮湯瑡潩慮潣獮牴捵楴湯桷捩牡慣汬摥䤠ⵃⰱ䤠ⵃⰲ䤠ⵃ⸳⸮⠠ИК-1, ИК-2, ИК-3... )* . For example:
1
Он идёт домой. (He is going home. )
3
Он идёт домой? (Is he going home?)
A simple question and delight may be expressed in the same words but with completely different intonation:
2
Как она поёт? (ИК-2) Хорошо. How does she sings? Well.
5
Как она поёт! (ИК-5) How beautifully she sings!
Да, прекрасно! Yes, she does.
The centre of ИК is defined by the situation and depending on the situation can move. In some cases shifting of the ИК centre changes the meaning of the sentence, in other cases it makes the meaning more exact.
Pay attention to the changing of the meaning of the sentence if the centre of ИК moves:
3
- Вы были в театре? - Were you at the theatre?
1 1
- Да, в театре. - Yes, at the theatre.
3
- Вы были в театре? - Were you at the theatre?
1 1
- Да, был. - Yes, I was.
3
- Вы были в театре? - Were you at the theatre?
1 1
- Да, я. - Yes, it was me.
Lesson 1.
