Vladimir Nabokov
LECTURES ON RUSSIAN LITERATURE
EDITED, WITH AN INTRODUCTION, by Fredson Bowers
It is difficult to refrain from the relief of irony, from the luxury of contempt, when surveying the mess that meek hands, obedient tentacles guided by the bloated octopus of the state, have managed to make out of that fiery, fanciful free thing—literature. Even more: I have learned to treasure my disgust, because I know that by feeling so strongly about it I am saving what I can of the spirit of Russian literature. Next to the right to create, the right to criticize is the richest gift that liberty of thought and speech can offer. Living as you do in freedom, in that spiritual open where you were born and bred, you may be apt to regard stories of prison life coming from remote lands as exaggerated accounts spread by panting fugitives. That a country exists where for almost a quarter of a century literature has been limited to illustrating the advertisements of a firm of slave-traders is hardly credible to people for whom writing and reading books is synonymous with having and voicing individual opinions. But if you do not believe in the existence of such conditions, you may at least imagine them, and once you have imagined them you will realize with new purity and pride the value of real books written by free men for free men to read.
*© 1981
ISBN 0151495998
*
This is a single untitled leaf, numbered 18, that appears to represent all that survives of an introductory survey of Soviet literature that VN prefixed to his lectures on the great Russian writers. Ed.
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Contents
Introduction by Fredson Bowers 5
LECTURES ON RUSSIAN LITERATURE 11
Russian Writers, Censors, and Readers 12
NIKOLAY GOGOL (1809-1852) 19
Dead Souls (1842) 20 — "The Overcoat" (1842) 41
IVAN TURGENEV (1818-1883) 45
Fathers and Sons (1862) 49
FYODOR DOSTOEVSKI (1821-1881) 67
Crime and Punishment (1866) 74 — "Memoirs from a Mousebole" (1864) 77 — The Idiot (1868) 84 —
The Possessed (1872) 85 — The Brothers Karamazov (1880) 87
LEO TOLSTOY (1828-1910) 91
Anna Karenin (1877) 92 — The Death of Ivan Ilyich (1884-1886) 148
ANTON CHEKHOV (1860-1904) 153
"The Lady with the Little Dog" (1899) 159 — "In the Gully" (1900) 164 — Notes on The Seagull (1896) 175
MAXIM GORKI (1868-1936) 183
"On the Rafts" (1895) 188
Philistines and Philistinism 191
The Art Of Translation 195
L'Envoi 199
APPENDIX: Nabokov's notes for an exam on Russian literature 201
The editor and publisher are indebted to Simon Karlinsky, Professor of Slavic Languages at the University of California, Berkeley, for his careful checking of the lectures and his advice on transliterations. Professor Kar-linsky's assistance has been crucial to this volume.
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